Pregnancy scans are special tests that use sound waves to create pictures of your baby inside the womb. These scans help doctors check your baby’s growth and health. Understanding the stages of pregnancy scans can help you know what to expect during each trimester. For many parents, these scans bring comfort and important information. In some areas, you may hear about pregnancy scans in your city or region. Each stage of pregnancy has its own scan schedule and purpose.
What Are Pregnancy Scans?
Pregnancy scans, also called ultrasounds, use safe sound waves to look inside the body. Doctors use these scans to see your baby and the uterus. Most scans are painless and do not harm you or your baby. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ultrasound during pregnancy helps find problems early. Because each pregnancy is different, your doctor may suggest more scans if needed.
First Trimester Scans (Weeks 1–12)
Purpose
During the first trimester, scans help confirm your pregnancy. They also check if the baby is growing in the right place. For example, doctors use these scans to rule out ectopic pregnancy, which means the baby is growing outside the womb. Early scans also help find out how many babies you are having.
Typical Procedures
Usually, a first trimester scan is done between weeks 6 and 9. Sometimes, a second scan is done around week 12. Doctors may use a small device on your belly or a thin wand inside the vagina. Both methods are safe and common.
What to Expect
First, you may be asked to drink water before the scan. This helps get a clearer picture. Next, the doctor or nurse will gently move the device over your belly or use the wand. You may see your baby’s tiny shape on a screen. The scan usually takes about 15–30 minutes. Afterward, you can go home right away.
Second Trimester Scans (Weeks 13–26)
Purpose
In the second trimester, scans give more details about your baby’s growth. Most parents look forward to the “anatomy scan” around week 20. This scan checks your baby’s organs, spine, and limbs. It also helps find out your baby’s sex, if you wish to know.
Typical Procedures
Most second trimester scans are done using an abdominal ultrasound. The doctor puts a special gel on your belly and moves a small device over your skin. This scan is safe and does not hurt.
What to Expect
During this scan, you may need to lie still for about 30 minutes. The doctor will look at your baby’s heart, brain, and other organs. Sometimes, you can see your baby’s face or hands. If your baby is moving a lot, the scan may take a bit longer. After the scan, you can return to your normal activities.
Third Trimester Scans (Weeks 27–40)
Purpose
Third trimester scans help check your baby’s position and growth. For instance, doctors use these scans to see if your baby is head-down. They also check the amount of amniotic fluid, which is the water around your baby. Some parents may need extra scans if there are health concerns.
Typical Procedures
Most third trimester scans use an abdominal ultrasound. The process is much like earlier scans. Sometimes, doctors may do extra scans to watch the baby’s movements or breathing.
What to Expect
Usually, you will lie on your back while the doctor moves the device over your belly. The scan takes about 20–30 minutes. You may see your baby’s head or body on the screen. If needed, your doctor will explain the results right after the scan. In many cases, you can go home soon after.
Safety and Preparation Tips
Pregnancy scans are safe for both you and your baby. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says ultrasound does not use radiation. However, you should only have scans when your doctor recommends them. To prepare for a scan, you may need to:
For pregnancy scans in your area, always choose a trusted clinic or hospital.